Giuseppe Tartini (1692-1770)
- Concerto a Violoncello principale obligato (c.1740)
Performers: Mstislav Rostropovitch (1927-2007, violoncelle); Collegіum Musіcum de Zurіch;
Paul Sacher (1906-1999, conductor)
Further info: Giuseppe Tartini (1692-1770) - I concerti per flauto
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Italian composer, violinist, teacher and theorist. Tartini's father
Giovanni Antonio, of Florentine origin, was general manager of the salt
mills in Pirano. Giuseppe, destined for the church by his pious parents,
was to have been first a minore conventuale, a branch of the Franciscan
order, and subsequently a full priest. To this end he was educated in
his native town and then in nearby Capodistria (now Koper, Slovenia) at
the scuole pie; as well as the humanities and rhetoric, he studied the
rudiments of music. In 1708 he left his native region, never to live
there again, but carrying in his memory the peculiarities of the local
musical folklore. He enrolled as a law student at Padua University,
where he devoted most of his time, always dressed as a priest, to
improving his fencing, a practice in which, according to contemporary
accounts, few could compete with him. A few months after his father's
death, Tartini openly rebelled against his parents' intentions, and on
29 July 1710 he married Elisabetta Premazore, a girl of lower social
standing and two years his elder. He was then compelled to leave Padua
and took refuge in the convent of S Francesco in Assisi, where he was
sheltered by the superior, Padre G.B. Torre, from Pirano. There Tartini
remained for at least three years, devoting himself determinedly to
practising the violin, always without tuition. Although direct evidence
is lacking, he probably studied composition during this period with
Padre Bohuslav Černohorský, then organist of the basilica in Assisi.
By 1714, he was a violinist in the Ancona opera and spent the next years
playing at various theaters in northeastern Italy. On 16 April 1721, he
was appointed primo violino e capo di concerto at San Antonio of Padua.
From 1723 to 1726, he was in Prague, in service to the Kinsky family,
where he met Johann Joseph Fux, Antonio Caldara, and Sylvius Weiss,
among others. Then he returned to Padua, started his school, and about
1730, brought out his first published volume of violin works. In an age
when composing for the church or the theater was the sure path to
success, Tartini refused to do either and embarked upon an idiosyncratic
career establishing an international reputation as violinist and
philosopher of music, writing five treatises contesting the ideas of
Giovanni Battista Martini, Jean-Philippe Rameau, and Jean-Jacques
Rousseau, among others, and leaving an oeuvre concentrated on the
violin: about 135 solo violin concertos, about 135 violin sonatas with
continuo, 30 unaccompanied sonatas, and about 40 trio sonatas. He also
composed 2 flute concertos, 2 concertos for viola da gamba, 4 motets,
and 20 Italian sacred songs. Most of his living was made as a freelance
violinist. In the late 1720s, he founded his own school of violin
playing, the first of its type, known as “school of the nations” because
it attracted students from all over Europe. About 1740, he suffered a
stroke that adversely affected his playing, and he devoted more and more
time to music theory in his last years.
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