Obra d'Ubaldo Gandolfi (1728-1781), pintor italià (1)
Parlem de Pintura...
Ubaldo Gandolfi (San Matteo della Decima, 28 d'abril de 1728 - Ravenna, 27 de juliol de 1781) va ser un pintor italià. Es va formar amb Felice Torelli, Ercole Graziani i Ercole Lelli a l'Acadèmia Clementina de Bolonya, si bé la seva obra va rebre la influència decisiva de la pintura veneciana, que va conèixer directament a Venècia a l'entorn del 1760, durant l'estada a la ciutat del seu germà i pintor Gaetano Gandolfi. Entre les seves obres del seu primer període va destacar 'Sant Nicolau de Tolentino predicant' de l'església de Sant 'Agostino d'Imola. A partir del 1772 va ser nomenat príncep de l'Acadèmia Clementina en un temps en què la seva obra es va fer més colorista i menys precisa. Com a pintor, va mostrar una notable proximitat amb l'obra del seu germà, de gran bellesa decorativa i de temàtica diversa, tant profana com religiosa. Ubaldo Gandolfi va morir a Ravenna el juliol de 1781 mentre realitzava un encàrrec per la catedral de la ciutat.
Parlem de Música...
Giuseppe Sarti (Faenza, bap. 1 de desembre de 1729 - Berlin, 28 de juliol de 1802) va ser un compositor italià i un dels màxims exponents musicals d'aquest país durant la segona meitat del segle XVIII. Fill d'un joier violinista, va ser el setè fill, l'únic musical, d'una extensa família. Es va formar amb F.A. Vallotti a Padova i amb 10 anys va viatjar a Bologna, on va seguir la seva formació amb el Pare Martini. El 1748 es va convertir en l'organista de la Cattedrale di San Pietro Apostolo de Faenza abans de convertir-se en director del teatre de la ciutat el 1752. Allà va escriure la primera òpera, Pompeo in Armenia (1752) abans d'entrar a treballar com a Kapellmeister a la Cort del Rei Frederik V el 1755. El seu gran èxit el va promocionar arreu i ben aviat es va convertir en director de la Companyia d'Òpera Italiana de Copenhaguen. El 1763 es va convertir en director musical de la Cort danesa on, a banda d'òperes, va compondre nombrosa música instrumental. El 1765 va tornar a Itàlia durant un breu període on va treballar com a director de l'Ospedale della Pietà de Venècia. El 1768 va tornar a Dinamarca on va reprendre la direcció musical de la Cort i on es va convertir en professor de cant del rei. Allà es va casar amb Camilla Passi, amb qui va tenir dues filles. Un entramat polític fosc va provocar el seu acomiadament el 1775, any que va decidir tornar a Itàlia.
El 1779 va participar en un concurs de mèrits per assolir el càrrec de la Basilica cattedrale metropolitana di Santa Maria Nascente de Milà, càrrec que va guanyar amb una Missa a 8 veus per a la festivitat de Nadal. La seva fama com a compositor i professor, amb alumnes com Cherubini, el van convertir en tot un referent. Aquell període va ser el més brillant amb òperes que es van exportar arreu d'Europa com Le gelosie villane (1776), Fra i due litiganti (1782) i Medonte (1777). El 1782 va rebre la invitació de Caterina II de Rússia per treballar a la seva Cort, un càrrec que gustosament va acceptar. Durant els seus viatges va conèixer a Mozart, amb qui va tocar piano i amb qui va fer bona amistat si bé pocs anys més tard es va deteriorar per certes discrepàncies musicals. A Sant Petersburg Sarti va ser rebut amb tots els honors i l'òpera italiana va assolir un reconeixement inèdit en aquell país. Va escriure òperes en francès, alemany i en rus (Nachal'noye upravleniye Olega, 1790, basada en un llibret de la mateixa Caterina II). Va compondre abundant música religiosa, entre ella, el famós Oratori Rus, himnes de celebració com el Te Deum, un Rèquiem en memòria de Lluís XVI i nombroses misses. Va fundar una escola de cant i va rebre l'encàrrec de la direcció musical del Conservatori, càrrec que va mantenir fins el 1801. Aquell any, i després de la mort de l'Emperador Rus, va decidir tornar a Itàlia. Durant el seu retorn, va fer parada a Berlin, on va visitar la seva filla, ciutat on va morir sobtadament el juliol de 1802.
OBRA:
Vocal secular:
CK: Copenhagen, Theatre on Kongens Nytorv, later Kongelige Teater (1770)
VS: Venice, S Samuele
cmda: comédie mêlée d’ariettes
dg: dramma giocoso
dm: dramma per musica
Operas:
Pompeo in Armenia (dm, 3, ? B. Vitturi), Faenza, Accademia dei Remoti, carn. 1752
Il re pastore (dm, 3, P. Metastasio), Pesaro, Sole, carn. 1752
Vologeso (dm, 3, A. Zeno: Lucio Vero), CK, carn. 1754, B-Bc, F-Pn, US-Wc; rev., Venice, 1765, P-La
Antigono (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, 14 Oct 1754, collab. others; rev., Verona, 1765, La
Ciro riconosciuto (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, 21 Dec 1754, B-Bc, F-Pn, US-Wc; (Copenhagen, 1756) [without recits]
Demofoonte [1st version] (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, carn. 1755, DK-Kk
Sesostri (dm, 3, P. Pariati), CK, 1755
Arianna e Teseo (dm, Pariati), CK, carn. 1756
Anagilda (dm, G. Gigli), CK, aut. 1758, S-Skma
Achille in Sciro (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, 1759
Armida abbandonata (dm, L. de Villati), CK, 1759
Artaserse (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, carn. 1760, arias in I-Fc, Gl, Nc and Tn
Astrea placata (festa teatrale, 1, Metastasio), CK, 17 Oct 1760
Andromaca (dm, 3, Zeno), CK, aut. 1760
Filindo (pastorale eroica, 3, P. d’Averara), CK, 1760
Issipile (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, spr. 1761
Nitteti (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, 12 Oct 1761; rev., Venice, 1765, A-Wn, P-La, excerpts GB-Lbl
Alessandro nell’Indie (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, aut. 1761; rev., Padua, 1766, P-La (2 copies)
La figlia ricuperata (dramma pastorale, P.A. Timido), CK, Feb 1762, D-Bsb, aria DK-Sa
Semiramide (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, aut. 1762; rev. Venice, 1768, P-La (2 copies)
Didone abbandonata [1st version] (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, wint. 1762, DK-Kk (facs. in IOB, lxxxiv, 1982), H-Bn
Narciso (dramma pastorale, 3, Zeno), CK, carn. 1763
Cesare in Egitto (dm, 3, G.F. Bussani), CK, aut. 1763, D-Bsb, Sl
Il naufragio di Cipro (dramma pastorale, 3, P.A. Ziani), CK, Jan or spr. 1764
Il gran Tamerlano (tragedia per musica, 3, A. Piovene), CK, early 1764
Ipermestra (dm, 3, Metastasio), Rome, Argentina, carn. 1766, GB-Lbl, I-Rdp, Rvat
La giardiniera brillante (int, 2), Rome, Valle, 3 Jan 1768, Gl
L’asile de l’amour (dramatic cant., Deschamps, after Metastasio), Copenhagen, Christiansborg court, 22 July 1769
La double méprise, ou Carlile et Fany (cmda, 1, Deschamps), Copenhagen, Christiansborg court, 22 July 1769
Soliman den Anden [Soliman II] (syngespil, 3, C.D. Biehl, after C.-S. Favart), CK, 8 Oct 1770, DK-Kk (2 copies)
Le bal (oc, Deschamps), Copenhagen, Christiansborg court, 1770
Demofoonte [2nd version] (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, 30 Jan 1771, Kk
Tronfølgen i Sidon [The Succession to the Throne in Sidon] (lyrisk tragi-comedia [syngespil], 2, N.K. Bredal, after Metastasio: Il re pastore), CK, 4 April 1771; rev., not by Sarti, 1778, Kk
La clemenza di Tito (dm, 3, Metastasio), Padua, Obizzi, June 1771
Il re pastore (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, 1771
Il tempio d’eternità (festa teatrale, 1, Metastasio), CK, 1771
Deucalion og Pyrrha (syngespil, 1, C.A. Thielo and Bredal, after G.F. Pouillain de Saint Foix), CK, 19 March 1772
Aglae, eller Støtten [Aglae, or The Column] (syngespil, 1, C. Fasting and A.G. Carstens, after L. Poinsinet de Sivry), Copenhagen, Christiansborg court, 16 Feb 1774
Kierlighedsbrevene [Love Letters] (syngespil, 3, Biehl, after Boissy), Copenhagen, Christiansborg court, 22 March 1775
Farnace (dm, 3, A.M. Lucchini), VS, Ascension 1776
Le gelosie villane (Il feudatorio) (dg, 3, T. Grandi), VS, Nov 1776, A-Wgm, D-Bsb, Hs, HR, Rtt, F-Pn (2 copies), GB-Lcm, H-Bn, I-Fc, Pl, Vnm, US-Bp; rev. (2), St Petersburg, 1785, RU-SPtob
Ifigenia [in Aulide] (dm, 3), Rome, Argentina, carn. 1777, B-Bc, D-MÜs, F-Pn, I-Bc, P-La, US-Wc
Medonte, re di Epiro (dm, G. De Gamerra), Florence, Pergola, 8 Sept 1777, GB-Lbl, P-La; Naples, 1783, F-Pn, I-Nc, P-La, US-Bp; Naples, 1792, GB-Lcm; A-Wgm (2 acts), I-Fc (2 acts), Mc
Il militare bizzarro (dg, 2, Grandi), VS, 27 Dec 1777, F-Pn, US-Wc
Scipione (dm, E. Giunti), Mestre, Casa Balbi, aut. 1778, F-Pn, I-Fc, P-La (2 different settings)
I contrattempi (dg, N. Porta), VS, Nov 1778, F-Pn, H-Bn, I-Fc, Tf, US-Wc; rev., not by Sarti, as Die Zwischenfälle, Dresden, 1782; as Gli equivoci svelati, Vicenza, 1786
Adriano in Siria (dm, 3, Metastasio), Rome, Argentina, 26 Dec 1778, F-Pn (Act 1), I-Rc, RU-SPtob
Olimpiade [1st version] (dm, 3, Metastasio), Florence, 1778, P-La
L’ambizione delusa (int, 2), Rome, Capranica, Feb 1779; I-Tf (1780, Turin)
Achille in Sciro (dm, 3, Metastasio), Florence, Pergola, aut.1779, Fc (2 acts)
Mitridate a Sinope (dm, 3), Florence, Palla a Corda, aut. 1779, F-Pn, I-Tf (Acts 2 and 3)
Siroe (dm, 3, Metastasio), Turin, Regio, 26 Dec 1779, GB-Lbl (duet, 3 arias), I-Tf (Acts 2 and 3), P-La [attrib. ‘Siri’]
Giulio Sabino (dm, 3, P. Giovannini: Epponina), Venice, S Benedetto, Jan 1781 (Vienna, c1781); also perf. as Epponina and as Tito nelle Gallie; CH-Zz, D-Bsb, Dlb, F-Pn, H-Bn, I-Bc, BGc, Fc, Nc, OS, PESc, Vnm, P-La, US-Bp
Demofoonte [3rd version] (dm, 3, Metastasio), Rome, Argentina, carn. 1782, I-Rmassimo
Alessandro e Timoteo (dm, 3, G. della Torre di Rezzonico), Parma, court, 6 April 1782, A-Wn, B-Bc, D-SWl, F-Pn (2 copies), I-Fc, Nc, PAc
Didone abbandonata [2nd version] (dm, 3, Metastasio), Padua, Obizzi, June 1782, F-Pn, I-GI, Pl, P-La
Fra i due litiganti il terzo gode (dg, 2, Goldoni: Le nozze), Milan, Scala, 14 Sept 1782, A-Wn, CH-Zz, D-DO, Mbs, MÜs, Rtt, DK-Kk, F-Pn*, H-Bn, I-Bc, Fc, PAc, Tf, P-La (2 acts); also as I pretendi delusi (2), Venice, 1782, D-Wa, I-FOc, Tf, RU-SPtob; as Im Trüben ist gut fischen, Hamburg, 1785, D-Bsb; as Le nozze di Dorina, Naples, 1784, F-Pn, US-Wc; as I rivali delusi, London, 1784; as Dorina contrastata, I-Nc; as Les noces de Dorine, ou Hélène et Francisque (Paris, c1789)
Attalo, re di Bitinia (dm, 3), Venice, S Benedetto, 26 Dec 1782, P-La (attrib. Bianchi)
Idalide (dm, 3, F. Moretti), Milan, Scala, 8 Jan 1783, D-SWl, F-Pn (inc.), H-Bn, RU-SPtob; also as La vergine del sole, Trieste, 1787
Erifile (dm, 2, De Gamerra), Pavia, carn.1783, F-Pn
Il trionfo della pace (dm, 2, C. Olivieri), Mantua, Ducale, 10 May 1783
Olimpiade [2nd version] (dm, 3, Metastasio), Rome, Dame, 1783, GB-Lbl (Acts l and 2), RU-SPtob, US-Wc
Gli amanti consolati (dg, 2), St Petersburg, 1784, D-SWl, F-Pn, GB-Lbl, I-Fc, FZc*, RU-SPtob
I finti eredi (opera comica, 2, G. Bertati: Il villano geloso), St Petersburg, Bol'shoy, 19/30 Oct 1785, A-Wn* (Mus. Hs 17848), ?D-Dlb, F-Pn, H-Bn, I-Mr, Pl, RU-SPtob*, Vienna, 1786, A-Wn (KT 160)
Armida e Rinaldo (dm, 2, M. Coltellini), St Petersburg, Hermitage, 15/26 Jan 1786, A-Wgm, Wn, B-Bc (Act 2), F-Pn (2 copies), D-SWl, I-Fc (score and pts), FZc, Nc, S-Skma, RU-SPtob (?autograph), US-Wc
Castore e Polluce (dm, 2, Moretti, after P.-J. Bernard), St Petersburg, Hermitage, 22 Sept/3 Oct 1786, D-Hs, F-Pn, I-Fc, Mc, Nc, RU-SPtob (pts only)
Zenoclea (azione teatrale, 2, Moretti), 1786, unperf.
Alessandro nell’Indie (dm, Metastasio), Palermo, S Cecilia, wint. 1787
Cleomene (Erifile) (dm, 3, De Gamerra), Bologna, Zagnoni, 27 Dec 1788, I-Bc
Nachal'noye upravleniye Olega [The Early Reign of Oleg] (5, Catherine II), St Petersburg, Hermitage, 15/26 Oct 1790, collab. Pashkevich and Canobbio
Andromeda (dm, Moretti), St Petersburg, Hermitage, 24 Oct/4 Nov 1798, A-Wn, I-Fc (score and pts), FZc* (Act 1, frag.)
Enea nel Lazio (dm, 2, Moretti), St Petersburg, Bol'shoy, 15/26 Oct 1799, FZc*
La famille indienne en Angleterre (3, Marchese di Castelnau, after A. von Kotzebue), St Petersburg, Bol'shoy, 1799, FZc*, RU-SPtob
Les amours de Flore et de Zéphire (ballet anacréontique, 2, P. Chevalier), Gatchina, 7/19 Sept 1800
Doubtful:
Gram og Signe (Bredal), Copenhagen, 1756 [uses arias by Sarti];
Mitridate, Parma, 1765 [cited only in Fétis];
La calzolaia di Strasburgo, ?Modena, 1769;
L’avaro, Faenza, 1777, or Mantua, 1791;
Amore e matrimonio, ?1786 [unknown to Mooser];
Lo stravagante inglese, Ancona, Fenice, carn. 1792 (lib in I-Bc);
Les indiens et l’anglaise, 1794 [not by Sarti, a confusion with La famille indienne en Angleterre, 1799]; Palmyra, 1797, D-Sl [probably by Salieri];
Cesare in Farmacusa, Sl, Der Hypochondrist, DS;
Isola disabitata, selections I-FZc*; Piramo e Tisbe, duet Fc
Others:
I dei del mare (cant.), 3vv, 1776, D-Mbs
L’amor della patria figurato nella partenza d’Ulisse dall’isola di Calisso, 3vv, Padua, April 1779, I-PAc
Cantata pel giubileo dell’Arcivescovo Conte Nazari di Calabiana, 1779, Md
Adieux de la reine de France à sa prison du Temple, 1v, pf, 1793, FZc
Inno, 6 solo vv, orch, D, for coronation festivities of Paul I, 1797, FZc*
Il genio della Russia (cant., F. Moretti), 5 solo vv, chorus 4vv, orch, for coronation festivities of Paul I, 1797, FZc*
Coro per l’incoronazione, 1v, chorus, orch, 1798
Epitalamio, 4 solo vv, orch, D, 1799, FZc*
Cantata, 3 solo vv [Giove, la Gloria, Marte], chorus 4vv, 2 orchs, Russ. hns, cannons, FZc*
Cantata, 3 solo vv [Doride, Nereo, Glauco], orch, FZc (pt 1)
O via vera zarita (cant.), S, orch, B , FZc*
Della gran donna (canzone), 2 solo vv, choir, orch, A, FZc*
Veni cara sospirata (cant.), S, orch, B , CZ-LIT
Vocal religiosa:
Masses:
Missa solemnis, 4vv, orch, org, E , CH-A (2 copies, 1 1779);
1, GB-Ob; 8vv, for Milan competition, 1779, I-Md;
4vv, Fc; 2, 4vv, orch, D-Mbs;
Messa votiva, 4vv, d, 1783, I-Md;
2 messe brevi, 4vv, org, Md, 3vv, org, G, FZc*
Mass movts:
Ky (fugue), 8vv (Leipzig, 1806);
2 Ky–Gl, 4vv, insts, D-Bsb*, 8vv, org, A-Wgm;
3 Ky, 2 choirs, orch, c, 2 choirs, 2 orch, g, 2 choirs, 2 orch, 2 org, G, all I-FZc*;
13 Gl, Md;
4 Gl, 8vv, orch, D, FZc*, 5vv, orch, Fc, 3vv, F-Pc, 4vv, orch, G, I-FZc*;
Cum sancto spiritu (fugue), 8vv, org, S-Smf;
6 Cr, Md; Cr, 4vv, insts, A-Wn, I-BRc, Nc;
Et vitam venturi saeculi (fugue), 8vv, org, S-Smf;
3 Sanctus, I-Md
Requiem:
4vv, orch, org, d, FZc*; 4vv, orch, g, FZc;
4 solo vv, chorus 4, 5vv, orch, org, for Louis XVI, 1793, BGc; for the Grand Duke of Württemberg, 1798;
Missa pro defunctis, 5vv, F, unacc., FZc*;
Dies irae, 4vv, orch, FZc*, Fc
Mag: C, d, 4vv, FZc; 3, 8vv, org, 1780–81, Md;
2 choirs, insts, 2 org, D, FZc*;
2 choirs, org, a, 1781, FZc*
Miserere:
4vv, 3 va, vc, db, bc, f (Leipzig, n.d.), MS copies, incl., CH-E, D-Mbs, DK-Kk, GB-Lbl, I-BGi, Fa, FZc*, Mc, Rrostirolla, US-SFsc;
5, 6vv, orch, g, FZc*;
4vv, org, A-Wn;
4vv, orch, CH-E, I-Fc;
4vv, str, I-PAc;
9vv, Mercoledi santo, FZc
Te Deum:
4vv, orch, I-Fc, Gl;
2 choirs, D, 1781, Md;
4vv, orch, D, FZc*, I-Msc (for 8vv);
2 choirs, orch, CH-E;
2 choirs, bc, a, FZc*;
Russ. TeD [Tebe Bohu Sualim], 2 choirs, orch, Russ. hns, bells, cannons, D, for taking of Ochakov, 1785, I-Fc, FZc*, USSR-Lsc, Lit (?1789);
Lat. TeD, solo vv, chorus 4vv, orch, D, for taking of Kelia, 1790, I-FZc* (ed. in Jones), US-SFsc
Complete Russ. Liturgy, 2 choirs unacc., St Petersburg, Historical Musical Museum (see Mooser); Russ. Christmas hymn, 8vv, orch, I-FZc*
Oratorios:
La sconfitta de’ Cananei (orat), 4 solo vv, 2 choirs, orch, C, Rome, 25 March 1766, I-Rchg
Sacer dialogus inter David et Salomonem (orat), Venice, 1766, lost, lib I-Vcg
S Teodora vergine e S Didimo martiri in Alessandria (orat), Florence, 1778, lost, lib Fc
Sant’Elena al Calvario (orat), Florence, 1781, lost, lib Fc
Gospodi, Vozzvach k tebe [God, I invoke you] (Russ. orat), 2 choirs, orch, 1785, F-Pn, I-FZc*, USSR-Lit, Lsc
Joseph a fratribus recognitus (orat), soloists, 2 choirs, orch, Venice, 1789, F-Pn
Pomiluj mia boze [Lord have mercy] (Russ. orat), 1790, USSR-Lsc
Slava v vyschnich Bohu [Gloria in excelsis], 2 choirs, 2 orchs, Russ. hns, bells, cannons, fireworks, for peace of Iaşi, 1792, I-FZc, USSR-Lit, Lsc (see Mooser)
Tebe cheruvimy i serafimy vzyaiut strunnymi golosami [Cherubim and seraphim sing to you like string instruments] (Russ. orat), 2 choirs, orch, cannons, USSR-Lsc
Others:
Motets, psalms, Lamentations, hymns, ants, introits etc., A-Wa, CH-BM, E, SGs, CZ-LIT, D-Bds, DO, LEt, Mbs, GB-Lcm, H-P, I-Bc, BGc, Fc, FZc (many in autograph), Mc, Md (many in autograph), Msc, SQ-BRnm, USSR-Lit, Lsc
Instrumental:
Syms:
6 in C: CH-E, N, D-DO, GB-Lam, HR-Zha (inc.), I-BGc (5), Rdp;
7 in D: CH-N (3), I-BGc, FZc*, PEsp, Rc (inc.), Rrostirolla (2 pts only);
2 in B : CH-E, D-WR1;
1 for gui, D, HR-Dsmb
Sonatas:
3, hpd, vn/fl, D, G, G (Amsterdam, c1765);
3, hpd, G, C, G (London, 1768/9);
6, fl, bc (Paris, 1782), ed. in ECCS, x;
Giulio Sabino ed Epponina, sonata caratteristica, hpd/pf, vn, E, op.1 (Vienna, 1785; Paris, n.d.); Intreccio di diverse idee d’opere favorite, ossia Sonata, hpd, vn, E , op.2 (Vienna, ?1787);
3, hpd/pf, vn, C, D, B ;
Op.3 (Vienna, 1786);
3, hpd/pf, vn, G, a-A, F, op.4 (Vienna, 1788);
6 sonate dell’opera Fra i due litiganti, hpd/pf, vn, D-Dl (2 copies), Dlb;
3, hpd, vn, DK-Sa (2 copies), D-Mbs;
1, vn, bc, B-Bc;
hpd sonatas, B-Bc, F-Pc, HR-Dsmb, I-Nc, US-SFsc;
1, org, I-FZc
3 concertone, E , I-Fc;
1 march, ww, timp, C, FZc*;
2 bn duets, S-SK
Literatura:
Trattato del basso generale (MS, B-Bc, I-Bc)
Regole (MS, D-Bsb)
Eclaircissement sur la musique composée pour Oleg, in G. Pasolini Zanelli: Giuseppe Sarti (Faenza, 1883), 113
Esame acustico fatto sopra due frammenti di Mozart, summarized in AMZ, xxxiv (1832), 373
Sur le moyen de compter les vibrations des sons et d’en comparer la célérité avec la mesure du tems, read to St Petersburg Academy of Sciences, 23 May 1796
Théorie de l’harmonie simultanée et successive, mentioned in AMZ, xxvi (1824), 540
El 1779 va participar en un concurs de mèrits per assolir el càrrec de la Basilica cattedrale metropolitana di Santa Maria Nascente de Milà, càrrec que va guanyar amb una Missa a 8 veus per a la festivitat de Nadal. La seva fama com a compositor i professor, amb alumnes com Cherubini, el van convertir en tot un referent. Aquell període va ser el més brillant amb òperes que es van exportar arreu d'Europa com Le gelosie villane (1776), Fra i due litiganti (1782) i Medonte (1777). El 1782 va rebre la invitació de Caterina II de Rússia per treballar a la seva Cort, un càrrec que gustosament va acceptar. Durant els seus viatges va conèixer a Mozart, amb qui va tocar piano i amb qui va fer bona amistat si bé pocs anys més tard es va deteriorar per certes discrepàncies musicals. A Sant Petersburg Sarti va ser rebut amb tots els honors i l'òpera italiana va assolir un reconeixement inèdit en aquell país. Va escriure òperes en francès, alemany i en rus (Nachal'noye upravleniye Olega, 1790, basada en un llibret de la mateixa Caterina II). Va compondre abundant música religiosa, entre ella, el famós Oratori Rus, himnes de celebració com el Te Deum, un Rèquiem en memòria de Lluís XVI i nombroses misses. Va fundar una escola de cant i va rebre l'encàrrec de la direcció musical del Conservatori, càrrec que va mantenir fins el 1801. Aquell any, i després de la mort de l'Emperador Rus, va decidir tornar a Itàlia. Durant el seu retorn, va fer parada a Berlin, on va visitar la seva filla, ciutat on va morir sobtadament el juliol de 1802.
OBRA:
Vocal secular:
CK: Copenhagen, Theatre on Kongens Nytorv, later Kongelige Teater (1770)
VS: Venice, S Samuele
cmda: comédie mêlée d’ariettes
dg: dramma giocoso
dm: dramma per musica
Operas:
Pompeo in Armenia (dm, 3, ? B. Vitturi), Faenza, Accademia dei Remoti, carn. 1752
Il re pastore (dm, 3, P. Metastasio), Pesaro, Sole, carn. 1752
Vologeso (dm, 3, A. Zeno: Lucio Vero), CK, carn. 1754, B-Bc, F-Pn, US-Wc; rev., Venice, 1765, P-La
Antigono (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, 14 Oct 1754, collab. others; rev., Verona, 1765, La
Ciro riconosciuto (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, 21 Dec 1754, B-Bc, F-Pn, US-Wc; (Copenhagen, 1756) [without recits]
Demofoonte [1st version] (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, carn. 1755, DK-Kk
Sesostri (dm, 3, P. Pariati), CK, 1755
Arianna e Teseo (dm, Pariati), CK, carn. 1756
Anagilda (dm, G. Gigli), CK, aut. 1758, S-Skma
Achille in Sciro (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, 1759
Armida abbandonata (dm, L. de Villati), CK, 1759
Artaserse (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, carn. 1760, arias in I-Fc, Gl, Nc and Tn
Astrea placata (festa teatrale, 1, Metastasio), CK, 17 Oct 1760
Andromaca (dm, 3, Zeno), CK, aut. 1760
Filindo (pastorale eroica, 3, P. d’Averara), CK, 1760
Issipile (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, spr. 1761
Nitteti (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, 12 Oct 1761; rev., Venice, 1765, A-Wn, P-La, excerpts GB-Lbl
Alessandro nell’Indie (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, aut. 1761; rev., Padua, 1766, P-La (2 copies)
La figlia ricuperata (dramma pastorale, P.A. Timido), CK, Feb 1762, D-Bsb, aria DK-Sa
Semiramide (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, aut. 1762; rev. Venice, 1768, P-La (2 copies)
Didone abbandonata [1st version] (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, wint. 1762, DK-Kk (facs. in IOB, lxxxiv, 1982), H-Bn
Narciso (dramma pastorale, 3, Zeno), CK, carn. 1763
Cesare in Egitto (dm, 3, G.F. Bussani), CK, aut. 1763, D-Bsb, Sl
Il naufragio di Cipro (dramma pastorale, 3, P.A. Ziani), CK, Jan or spr. 1764
Il gran Tamerlano (tragedia per musica, 3, A. Piovene), CK, early 1764
Ipermestra (dm, 3, Metastasio), Rome, Argentina, carn. 1766, GB-Lbl, I-Rdp, Rvat
La giardiniera brillante (int, 2), Rome, Valle, 3 Jan 1768, Gl
L’asile de l’amour (dramatic cant., Deschamps, after Metastasio), Copenhagen, Christiansborg court, 22 July 1769
La double méprise, ou Carlile et Fany (cmda, 1, Deschamps), Copenhagen, Christiansborg court, 22 July 1769
Soliman den Anden [Soliman II] (syngespil, 3, C.D. Biehl, after C.-S. Favart), CK, 8 Oct 1770, DK-Kk (2 copies)
Le bal (oc, Deschamps), Copenhagen, Christiansborg court, 1770
Demofoonte [2nd version] (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, 30 Jan 1771, Kk
Tronfølgen i Sidon [The Succession to the Throne in Sidon] (lyrisk tragi-comedia [syngespil], 2, N.K. Bredal, after Metastasio: Il re pastore), CK, 4 April 1771; rev., not by Sarti, 1778, Kk
La clemenza di Tito (dm, 3, Metastasio), Padua, Obizzi, June 1771
Il re pastore (dm, 3, Metastasio), CK, 1771
Il tempio d’eternità (festa teatrale, 1, Metastasio), CK, 1771
Deucalion og Pyrrha (syngespil, 1, C.A. Thielo and Bredal, after G.F. Pouillain de Saint Foix), CK, 19 March 1772
Aglae, eller Støtten [Aglae, or The Column] (syngespil, 1, C. Fasting and A.G. Carstens, after L. Poinsinet de Sivry), Copenhagen, Christiansborg court, 16 Feb 1774
Kierlighedsbrevene [Love Letters] (syngespil, 3, Biehl, after Boissy), Copenhagen, Christiansborg court, 22 March 1775
Farnace (dm, 3, A.M. Lucchini), VS, Ascension 1776
Le gelosie villane (Il feudatorio) (dg, 3, T. Grandi), VS, Nov 1776, A-Wgm, D-Bsb, Hs, HR, Rtt, F-Pn (2 copies), GB-Lcm, H-Bn, I-Fc, Pl, Vnm, US-Bp; rev. (2), St Petersburg, 1785, RU-SPtob
Ifigenia [in Aulide] (dm, 3), Rome, Argentina, carn. 1777, B-Bc, D-MÜs, F-Pn, I-Bc, P-La, US-Wc
Medonte, re di Epiro (dm, G. De Gamerra), Florence, Pergola, 8 Sept 1777, GB-Lbl, P-La; Naples, 1783, F-Pn, I-Nc, P-La, US-Bp; Naples, 1792, GB-Lcm; A-Wgm (2 acts), I-Fc (2 acts), Mc
Il militare bizzarro (dg, 2, Grandi), VS, 27 Dec 1777, F-Pn, US-Wc
Scipione (dm, E. Giunti), Mestre, Casa Balbi, aut. 1778, F-Pn, I-Fc, P-La (2 different settings)
I contrattempi (dg, N. Porta), VS, Nov 1778, F-Pn, H-Bn, I-Fc, Tf, US-Wc; rev., not by Sarti, as Die Zwischenfälle, Dresden, 1782; as Gli equivoci svelati, Vicenza, 1786
Adriano in Siria (dm, 3, Metastasio), Rome, Argentina, 26 Dec 1778, F-Pn (Act 1), I-Rc, RU-SPtob
Olimpiade [1st version] (dm, 3, Metastasio), Florence, 1778, P-La
L’ambizione delusa (int, 2), Rome, Capranica, Feb 1779; I-Tf (1780, Turin)
Achille in Sciro (dm, 3, Metastasio), Florence, Pergola, aut.1779, Fc (2 acts)
Mitridate a Sinope (dm, 3), Florence, Palla a Corda, aut. 1779, F-Pn, I-Tf (Acts 2 and 3)
Siroe (dm, 3, Metastasio), Turin, Regio, 26 Dec 1779, GB-Lbl (duet, 3 arias), I-Tf (Acts 2 and 3), P-La [attrib. ‘Siri’]
Giulio Sabino (dm, 3, P. Giovannini: Epponina), Venice, S Benedetto, Jan 1781 (Vienna, c1781); also perf. as Epponina and as Tito nelle Gallie; CH-Zz, D-Bsb, Dlb, F-Pn, H-Bn, I-Bc, BGc, Fc, Nc, OS, PESc, Vnm, P-La, US-Bp
Demofoonte [3rd version] (dm, 3, Metastasio), Rome, Argentina, carn. 1782, I-Rmassimo
Alessandro e Timoteo (dm, 3, G. della Torre di Rezzonico), Parma, court, 6 April 1782, A-Wn, B-Bc, D-SWl, F-Pn (2 copies), I-Fc, Nc, PAc
Didone abbandonata [2nd version] (dm, 3, Metastasio), Padua, Obizzi, June 1782, F-Pn, I-GI, Pl, P-La
Fra i due litiganti il terzo gode (dg, 2, Goldoni: Le nozze), Milan, Scala, 14 Sept 1782, A-Wn, CH-Zz, D-DO, Mbs, MÜs, Rtt, DK-Kk, F-Pn*, H-Bn, I-Bc, Fc, PAc, Tf, P-La (2 acts); also as I pretendi delusi (2), Venice, 1782, D-Wa, I-FOc, Tf, RU-SPtob; as Im Trüben ist gut fischen, Hamburg, 1785, D-Bsb; as Le nozze di Dorina, Naples, 1784, F-Pn, US-Wc; as I rivali delusi, London, 1784; as Dorina contrastata, I-Nc; as Les noces de Dorine, ou Hélène et Francisque (Paris, c1789)
Attalo, re di Bitinia (dm, 3), Venice, S Benedetto, 26 Dec 1782, P-La (attrib. Bianchi)
Idalide (dm, 3, F. Moretti), Milan, Scala, 8 Jan 1783, D-SWl, F-Pn (inc.), H-Bn, RU-SPtob; also as La vergine del sole, Trieste, 1787
Erifile (dm, 2, De Gamerra), Pavia, carn.1783, F-Pn
Il trionfo della pace (dm, 2, C. Olivieri), Mantua, Ducale, 10 May 1783
Olimpiade [2nd version] (dm, 3, Metastasio), Rome, Dame, 1783, GB-Lbl (Acts l and 2), RU-SPtob, US-Wc
Gli amanti consolati (dg, 2), St Petersburg, 1784, D-SWl, F-Pn, GB-Lbl, I-Fc, FZc*, RU-SPtob
I finti eredi (opera comica, 2, G. Bertati: Il villano geloso), St Petersburg, Bol'shoy, 19/30 Oct 1785, A-Wn* (Mus. Hs 17848), ?D-Dlb, F-Pn, H-Bn, I-Mr, Pl, RU-SPtob*, Vienna, 1786, A-Wn (KT 160)
Armida e Rinaldo (dm, 2, M. Coltellini), St Petersburg, Hermitage, 15/26 Jan 1786, A-Wgm, Wn, B-Bc (Act 2), F-Pn (2 copies), D-SWl, I-Fc (score and pts), FZc, Nc, S-Skma, RU-SPtob (?autograph), US-Wc
Castore e Polluce (dm, 2, Moretti, after P.-J. Bernard), St Petersburg, Hermitage, 22 Sept/3 Oct 1786, D-Hs, F-Pn, I-Fc, Mc, Nc, RU-SPtob (pts only)
Zenoclea (azione teatrale, 2, Moretti), 1786, unperf.
Alessandro nell’Indie (dm, Metastasio), Palermo, S Cecilia, wint. 1787
Cleomene (Erifile) (dm, 3, De Gamerra), Bologna, Zagnoni, 27 Dec 1788, I-Bc
Nachal'noye upravleniye Olega [The Early Reign of Oleg] (5, Catherine II), St Petersburg, Hermitage, 15/26 Oct 1790, collab. Pashkevich and Canobbio
Andromeda (dm, Moretti), St Petersburg, Hermitage, 24 Oct/4 Nov 1798, A-Wn, I-Fc (score and pts), FZc* (Act 1, frag.)
Enea nel Lazio (dm, 2, Moretti), St Petersburg, Bol'shoy, 15/26 Oct 1799, FZc*
La famille indienne en Angleterre (3, Marchese di Castelnau, after A. von Kotzebue), St Petersburg, Bol'shoy, 1799, FZc*, RU-SPtob
Les amours de Flore et de Zéphire (ballet anacréontique, 2, P. Chevalier), Gatchina, 7/19 Sept 1800
Doubtful:
Gram og Signe (Bredal), Copenhagen, 1756 [uses arias by Sarti];
Mitridate, Parma, 1765 [cited only in Fétis];
La calzolaia di Strasburgo, ?Modena, 1769;
L’avaro, Faenza, 1777, or Mantua, 1791;
Amore e matrimonio, ?1786 [unknown to Mooser];
Lo stravagante inglese, Ancona, Fenice, carn. 1792 (lib in I-Bc);
Les indiens et l’anglaise, 1794 [not by Sarti, a confusion with La famille indienne en Angleterre, 1799]; Palmyra, 1797, D-Sl [probably by Salieri];
Cesare in Farmacusa, Sl, Der Hypochondrist, DS;
Isola disabitata, selections I-FZc*; Piramo e Tisbe, duet Fc
Others:
I dei del mare (cant.), 3vv, 1776, D-Mbs
L’amor della patria figurato nella partenza d’Ulisse dall’isola di Calisso, 3vv, Padua, April 1779, I-PAc
Cantata pel giubileo dell’Arcivescovo Conte Nazari di Calabiana, 1779, Md
Adieux de la reine de France à sa prison du Temple, 1v, pf, 1793, FZc
Inno, 6 solo vv, orch, D, for coronation festivities of Paul I, 1797, FZc*
Il genio della Russia (cant., F. Moretti), 5 solo vv, chorus 4vv, orch, for coronation festivities of Paul I, 1797, FZc*
Coro per l’incoronazione, 1v, chorus, orch, 1798
Epitalamio, 4 solo vv, orch, D, 1799, FZc*
Cantata, 3 solo vv [Giove, la Gloria, Marte], chorus 4vv, 2 orchs, Russ. hns, cannons, FZc*
Cantata, 3 solo vv [Doride, Nereo, Glauco], orch, FZc (pt 1)
O via vera zarita (cant.), S, orch, B , FZc*
Della gran donna (canzone), 2 solo vv, choir, orch, A, FZc*
Veni cara sospirata (cant.), S, orch, B , CZ-LIT
Vocal religiosa:
Masses:
Missa solemnis, 4vv, orch, org, E , CH-A (2 copies, 1 1779);
1, GB-Ob; 8vv, for Milan competition, 1779, I-Md;
4vv, Fc; 2, 4vv, orch, D-Mbs;
Messa votiva, 4vv, d, 1783, I-Md;
2 messe brevi, 4vv, org, Md, 3vv, org, G, FZc*
Mass movts:
Ky (fugue), 8vv (Leipzig, 1806);
2 Ky–Gl, 4vv, insts, D-Bsb*, 8vv, org, A-Wgm;
3 Ky, 2 choirs, orch, c, 2 choirs, 2 orch, g, 2 choirs, 2 orch, 2 org, G, all I-FZc*;
13 Gl, Md;
4 Gl, 8vv, orch, D, FZc*, 5vv, orch, Fc, 3vv, F-Pc, 4vv, orch, G, I-FZc*;
Cum sancto spiritu (fugue), 8vv, org, S-Smf;
6 Cr, Md; Cr, 4vv, insts, A-Wn, I-BRc, Nc;
Et vitam venturi saeculi (fugue), 8vv, org, S-Smf;
3 Sanctus, I-Md
Requiem:
4vv, orch, org, d, FZc*; 4vv, orch, g, FZc;
4 solo vv, chorus 4, 5vv, orch, org, for Louis XVI, 1793, BGc; for the Grand Duke of Württemberg, 1798;
Missa pro defunctis, 5vv, F, unacc., FZc*;
Dies irae, 4vv, orch, FZc*, Fc
Mag: C, d, 4vv, FZc; 3, 8vv, org, 1780–81, Md;
2 choirs, insts, 2 org, D, FZc*;
2 choirs, org, a, 1781, FZc*
Miserere:
4vv, 3 va, vc, db, bc, f (Leipzig, n.d.), MS copies, incl., CH-E, D-Mbs, DK-Kk, GB-Lbl, I-BGi, Fa, FZc*, Mc, Rrostirolla, US-SFsc;
5, 6vv, orch, g, FZc*;
4vv, org, A-Wn;
4vv, orch, CH-E, I-Fc;
4vv, str, I-PAc;
9vv, Mercoledi santo, FZc
Te Deum:
4vv, orch, I-Fc, Gl;
2 choirs, D, 1781, Md;
4vv, orch, D, FZc*, I-Msc (for 8vv);
2 choirs, orch, CH-E;
2 choirs, bc, a, FZc*;
Russ. TeD [Tebe Bohu Sualim], 2 choirs, orch, Russ. hns, bells, cannons, D, for taking of Ochakov, 1785, I-Fc, FZc*, USSR-Lsc, Lit (?1789);
Lat. TeD, solo vv, chorus 4vv, orch, D, for taking of Kelia, 1790, I-FZc* (ed. in Jones), US-SFsc
Complete Russ. Liturgy, 2 choirs unacc., St Petersburg, Historical Musical Museum (see Mooser); Russ. Christmas hymn, 8vv, orch, I-FZc*
Oratorios:
La sconfitta de’ Cananei (orat), 4 solo vv, 2 choirs, orch, C, Rome, 25 March 1766, I-Rchg
Sacer dialogus inter David et Salomonem (orat), Venice, 1766, lost, lib I-Vcg
S Teodora vergine e S Didimo martiri in Alessandria (orat), Florence, 1778, lost, lib Fc
Sant’Elena al Calvario (orat), Florence, 1781, lost, lib Fc
Gospodi, Vozzvach k tebe [God, I invoke you] (Russ. orat), 2 choirs, orch, 1785, F-Pn, I-FZc*, USSR-Lit, Lsc
Joseph a fratribus recognitus (orat), soloists, 2 choirs, orch, Venice, 1789, F-Pn
Pomiluj mia boze [Lord have mercy] (Russ. orat), 1790, USSR-Lsc
Slava v vyschnich Bohu [Gloria in excelsis], 2 choirs, 2 orchs, Russ. hns, bells, cannons, fireworks, for peace of Iaşi, 1792, I-FZc, USSR-Lit, Lsc (see Mooser)
Tebe cheruvimy i serafimy vzyaiut strunnymi golosami [Cherubim and seraphim sing to you like string instruments] (Russ. orat), 2 choirs, orch, cannons, USSR-Lsc
Others:
Motets, psalms, Lamentations, hymns, ants, introits etc., A-Wa, CH-BM, E, SGs, CZ-LIT, D-Bds, DO, LEt, Mbs, GB-Lcm, H-P, I-Bc, BGc, Fc, FZc (many in autograph), Mc, Md (many in autograph), Msc, SQ-BRnm, USSR-Lit, Lsc
Instrumental:
Syms:
6 in C: CH-E, N, D-DO, GB-Lam, HR-Zha (inc.), I-BGc (5), Rdp;
7 in D: CH-N (3), I-BGc, FZc*, PEsp, Rc (inc.), Rrostirolla (2 pts only);
2 in B : CH-E, D-WR1;
1 for gui, D, HR-Dsmb
Sonatas:
3, hpd, vn/fl, D, G, G (Amsterdam, c1765);
3, hpd, G, C, G (London, 1768/9);
6, fl, bc (Paris, 1782), ed. in ECCS, x;
Giulio Sabino ed Epponina, sonata caratteristica, hpd/pf, vn, E, op.1 (Vienna, 1785; Paris, n.d.); Intreccio di diverse idee d’opere favorite, ossia Sonata, hpd, vn, E , op.2 (Vienna, ?1787);
3, hpd/pf, vn, C, D, B ;
Op.3 (Vienna, 1786);
3, hpd/pf, vn, G, a-A, F, op.4 (Vienna, 1788);
6 sonate dell’opera Fra i due litiganti, hpd/pf, vn, D-Dl (2 copies), Dlb;
3, hpd, vn, DK-Sa (2 copies), D-Mbs;
1, vn, bc, B-Bc;
hpd sonatas, B-Bc, F-Pc, HR-Dsmb, I-Nc, US-SFsc;
1, org, I-FZc
3 concertone, E , I-Fc;
1 march, ww, timp, C, FZc*;
2 bn duets, S-SK
Literatura:
Trattato del basso generale (MS, B-Bc, I-Bc)
Regole (MS, D-Bsb)
Eclaircissement sur la musique composée pour Oleg, in G. Pasolini Zanelli: Giuseppe Sarti (Faenza, 1883), 113
Esame acustico fatto sopra due frammenti di Mozart, summarized in AMZ, xxxiv (1832), 373
Sur le moyen de compter les vibrations des sons et d’en comparer la célérité avec la mesure du tems, read to St Petersburg Academy of Sciences, 23 May 1796
Théorie de l’harmonie simultanée et successive, mentioned in AMZ, xxvi (1824), 540
Informació addicional...
RECICLASSICAT: SARTI, Giuseppe (1729-1802)
AMAZON: SARTI, G. - Miserere in F minor
IMSLP: Giuseppe Sarti (1729-1802)
CPDL: No disponible
SPOTIFY: SARTI, G. - Miserere in F minor
Tant si us ha agradat, com si no, opineu, és lliure i fàcil!
Tant si us ha agradat, com si no, opineu, és lliure i fàcil!
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